Anatomy & Physiology Questionnaire 9 – ANATOMY & BIOMECHANICS

Mountain Pose (TADASANA)

1. What is the definition of the Anatomical Position?

Posterior view of the human body laying flat on floor
The human body standing in an erect position, arms by sides with palms facing forward.
A prone position of the human body
The lateral view of the cranium

2. What does the word ‘flexion’ refer to?

A movement that increases the angle between body parts
A movement that decreases the angle between body parts
A movement that externally rotates a body part
A movement that internally rotates a body part

3.What does the word ‘extension’ refers to?

Decreases the angle between two body parts
Increases the angle between two body parts
Curvature of the spine
Neutral spine

4. The movement ‘abduction’ is best described as…

A movement towards the midline of the body
A movement above the midline of the body
A movement away from the midline of the body
All of the above

5. The movement ‘adduction’ is best described as…

A movement away from the midline of the body
A movement of the tibia and fibula
A movement of the mandible
A movement towards the midline of the body

6. The palm of the hand facing upward, is an example of…

Pronation
External rotation
Supination
Retraction

7. An example of pronation are palms of the hands facing upward.

True
False

8. What is the anatomical term for the scapula (shoulder blades) lifting towards the ears and dropping downward?

Abduction or Adduction
Elevation and Depression
Protraction and Retraction
Supination and Pronation

Man holding skeleton

9. An example of lateral flexion would be a side bend.

True
False

10. Which of the following is an example of a yoga asana where the spine is moving in flexion and extension.

Tadasana (Mountain Pose)
Vrksasana (Tree Pose)
Adho Mukha Svanasana (Downward-Facing Dog)
Marjaryasana-Bitilasana (Cat-Cow Pose)

11. Summarise the function of Tendons. Choose 3 correct answers. Watch this 60 sec video before you choose your answers.

Connect muscle to bone
Connect bone to bone
Made up of collagen fibres
A tendons function is force transfer
They do not absorb impact when you run

12. Summarise the function of Ligaments. Choose 3 correct answers. Watch this short video before you choose your answers.

Stabilise joints
Attaches bone to bone
Limits bone movement
Attaches bone to muscle

13. Which of the following 3 are classified as Hinge joints?

elbow
shoulder
knee
hip
ankle

14. List 2 examples of a Ball and socket joint

elbow
shoulder
knee
hip
wrist

15. Where would you find the Saddle joint?

Thumb (carpometacarpal joint)
Shoulder
Knee
Spine
Hip

16. What are the functions of the skeleton? Choose 5 from the list below.

Watch video to find out some fascinating facts about your skeleton.

Makes red and white blood cells
Assists with keratin
Protects vital organs
Promotes oxygen flow, immunity and healing
Produces yellow bone marrow
Stores calcium and phosphorus minerals
Regulates the reproductive system

17. A new mum has arrived at your class with medical clearance to attend. She mentions she has abdominal separation.

What type of yoga would you recommend and what movements would you avoid?

3 correct answers

Recommend gentle yoga and restorative poses.
Recommend power yoga and intense core exercises to strip the post pregnancy kilos.
Avoid deep twists and intense backbends.
Avoid poses that put strain on the abdominal muscles, such as crunches and full planks.
Recommend hot yoga to promote sweating and detoxification.

18.What style of yoga intentionally provides ‘good stress’ on the musculoskeletal system?

Hatha
Vinyasa
Kundalini
Yin
Restorative
Ashtanga

19. How many bones are in the adult human body?

211
206
209
260

11. What muscles contribute to experiencing lower back pain?

3 correct answers.

Gluteal muscles
Quadratus lumborum
Biceps
Multifidus

21. Where would you find the Glenohumeral Joint?

Shoulder
Elbow
Hand
Hip

Fill in the blank

22. We know that compression is due to the genetic shape of our bones. Our first limit of motion is determined by how much we can

23. The spiralling of bones is known as:

a. Bone action
b. Bone torsion
c. Bone compression
d. Bone turning

24. What is the difference between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system.

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for rest and digestion, while the parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action and stress.
The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action and stress, while the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for rest and digestion.

25. What is the best advise for a yoga participant experiencing dizziness/light headed during your class?

Increase the intensity of the practice to overcome the dizziness.
Immediately stop the practice, sit or lie down, and take deep breaths to stabilise. Elevate the feet slightly too if needed.
Ignore the symptoms and continue with the class as normal.
rink a large amount of water quickly to rehydrate encouraging them to harden up.

26. What yoga would you suggest for a participant with tight back and shoulders from seated at a desk all day?

Power Yoga with intense core exercises.
Gentle Yoga focusing on stretching and releasing tension in the back and shoulders.
Hot Yoga to promote sweating and detoxification.
Ashtanga Yoga with fast-paced sequences.

27. What are the main functions of the diaphragm?

Digestive flow
Primary muscle of respiration
Produces red blood cells
Helps with coughing and sneezing
Pelvic floor support

28. What would you do if a student asks you for medical advice?

Offer personal advice based on experience of the injury
Invite her to an essential oils workshop
You would suggest she see an Allied Health Professional or GP.
Offer her a free Reiki session

29. What is scoliosis? Choose all that apply.

A growth spurt in teenagers
A sideways curvature of the spine
Often painful and disabling
Requires a medical diagnosis

30.Architectural principles start from the premise that all structures, including our bodies are a balance between stretching forces and crushing forces, or “tension and compression”. Choose the best explanation of the difference between ‘tension’ and ‘compression’.

Tension refers to forces that stretch and elongate a structure, while compression refers to forces that press and shorten a structure.
Tension refers to forces that press and shorten a structure, while compression refers to forces that stretch and elongate a structure.

31. How many vertebrae are there in the Cervical Spine?

7
12
5
9

32. How many vertebrae are there in Thoracic Spine?

7
12
5
3

26. How many vertebrae are there in the Lumbar Spine?

5
7
12
6

34. Range of motion (ROM) is defined as the distance or amount of movement a limb has in a specific direction. Choose all the factors that limit this range of motion.

Joint laxity
Shape of articulating bone surface
Spirituality
Amount of muscle and fatty tissue
Extensibility of collagenous tissue and muscle

35. Name the 3 types of muscle tissue.

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
skeletal
epidermis

36. Match the directional terminology with the correct definition.

Sort elements

Towards the head.
Towards the feet.
Towards the front of the body.
Towards the back of the body.
Towards the midline.
Towards the side of the body.
Towards the attachment point of a limb.
Away from the attachment point of a limb.
Towards the surface of the body.
Towards the inside of the body.
Away from the anatomical system.
Towards the centre of the anatomical system.
on one side of the body.
On both sides of the body.
On the opposite side of the body.
On the same side as the palm of the hand.
On the same surface as the sole of the foot.
On either the back of the hand or back (top) of the foot.

Superior
Inferior
Anterior
Posterior
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
External/Superficial
Internal/Deep
Peripheral
Central
Unilateral
Bilateral
Contralateral
Palmer
Plantar
Dorsum

Directional Terminology.

The teeth are to the nose.

38. True or False. A contraindication means the participant should not partake for safety reasons.

True
False

39. A precaution means the student knows their current condition and may have mentioned to you prior to class. What can you do as a yoga teacher to ensure inclusivity?

Offer a variation
Modify each asana
Offer blocks, bolsters, blankets and props
All of the above

40. How much of our overall daily energy does it take to digest a meal?

5-10% of our overall daily energy
10-20% of our overall daily energy
15-20% of our overall daily energy
20-25% of our overall daily energy

41. Which 3 asana have been known to assist with digestion?

Paschimottanasana (Seated Forward Bend)
Savasana (Corpse Pose)
Ardha Matsyendrasana (Half Lord of the Fishes Pose)
Tadasana (Mountain Pose)
Pavanamuktasana (Wind-Relieving Pose)

42. What is the best way to respond to a student who says they’re not flexible enough for yoga? (For those who choose Yoga for the physical benefits)

Tell them they should try a different type of exercise.
Explain that yoga is about improving flexibility and strength, and that everyone can start at their own level.
Suggest they wait until they are more flexible before starting yoga.
Recommend they only do meditation instead of physical postures.

43. Pre-exercise screening is used to identify people who may have medical conditions that put them at a higher risk of an adverse event during physical activity/exercise. It’s a filter or ‘safety net’ to help determine if the potential benefits of exercise outweigh the risks for an individual.

True
False

44. Design and upload an Adult Prescreen Form you would use for new students if you were opening your own studio.

Upload your answer to this question.

This response will be awarded full points automatically, but it will be reviewed and possibly adjusted after submission.

45. How can a Yoga Teacher continue to develop their knowledge and skills to meet the expectations of a well informed community?

Continue to learn using Google resources.
Continue to learn through unaccredited weekend workshops.
Continue to obtain currency through recognised approved continuing education providers.
Ask a Guru.